 |
|
|
|||||
Consistent with the general trend of incorporating artificial intelligence into nearly every field, researchers and politicians are increasingly using AI models trained on scientific data to infer answers to scientific questions. But can AI ultimately replace scientists? The Trump administration signed an executive order on November 24, 2025, that announced the Genesis Mission, an initiative to build and train a series of AI agents on federal scientific datasets to test new hypotheses, automate research workflows, and accelerate scientific breakthroughs. So far, the accomplishments of these so-called AI scientists have been mixed. On the one hand, AI systems can process vast datasets and detect subtle correlations that humans are unable to detect. On the other hand, their lack of commonsense reasoning can result in unrealistic or irrelevant experimental recommendations. While AI can assist in tasks that are part of the scientific process, it is still far away from automating scienceand may never be able to. As a philosopher who studies both the history and the conceptual foundations of science, I see several problems with the idea that AI systems can do science without or even better than humans. AI models can learn only from human scientists AI models do not learn directly from the real world: They have to be told what the world is like by their human designers. Without human scientists overseeing the construction of the digital world in which the model operatesthat is, the datasets used for training and testing its algorithmsthe breakthroughs that AI facilitates wouldnt be possible. Consider the AI model AlphaFold. Its developers were awarded the 2024 Nobel Prize in chemistry for the models ability to infer the structure of proteins in human cells. Because so many biological functions depend on proteins, the ability to quickly generate protein structures to test via simulations has the potential to accelerate drug design, trace how diseases develop and advance other areas of biomedical research. As practical as it may be, however, an AI system like AlphaFold does not provide new knowledge about proteins, diseases, or more effective drugs on its own. It simply makes it possible to analyze existing information more efficiently. AlphaFold draws upon vast databases of existing protein structures. As philosopher Emily Sullivan put it, to be successful as scientific tools, AI models must retain a strong empirical link to already established knowledge. That is, the predictions a model makes must be grounded in what researchers already know about the natural world. The strength of this link depends on how much knowledge is already available about a certain subject and on how well the models programmers translate highly technical scientific concepts and logical principles into code. AlphaFold would not have been successful if it werent for the existing body of human-generated knowledge about protein structures that developers used to train the model. And without human scientists to provide a foundation of theoretical and methodological knowledge, nothing AlphaFold creates would amount to scientific progress. Science is a uniquely human enterprise But the role of human scientists in the process of scientific discovery and experimentation goes beyond ensuring that AI models are properly designed and anchored to existing scientific knowledge. In a sense, science as a creative achievement derives its legitimacy from human abilities, values, and ways of living. These, in turn, are grounded in the unique ways in which humans think, feel and act. Scientific discoveries are more than just theories supported by evidence: They are the product of generations of scientists with a variety of interests and perspectives, working together through a common commitment to their craft and intellectual honesty. Scientific discoveries are never the products of a single visionary genius. For example, when researchers first proposed the double-helix structure of DNA, there were no empirical tests able to verify this hypothesisit was based on the reasoning skills of highly trained experts. It took nearly a century of technological advancements and several generations of scientists to go from what looked like pure speculation in the late 1800s to a discovery honored by a 1953 Nobel Prize. Science, in other words, is a distinctly social enterprise, in which ideas get discussed, interpretations are offered, and disagreements are not always overcome. As other philosophers of science have remarked, scientists are more similar to a tribe than passive recipients of scientific information. Researchers do not accumulate scientific knowledge by recording factsthey create scientific knowledge through skilled practice, debate and agreed-upon standards informed by social and political values. AI is not a scientist I believe the computing power of AI systems can be used to accelerate scientific progress, but only if done with care. With the active participation of the scientific community, ambitious projects like the Genesis Mission could prove beneficial for scientists. Well-designed and rigorously trained AI tools would make the more mechanical parts of scientific inquiry smoother and maybe even faster. These tools would compile information about what has been done in the past so that it can more easily inform how to design future experiments, collect measurements and formulate theories. But if the guiding vision for deploying AI models in science is to replace human scientists or to fully automate the scientific process, I believe the project would only turn science into a caricature of itself. The very existence of science as a source of authoritative knowledge about the natural world fundaentally depends on human life: shared goals, experiences, and aspirations. Alessandra Buccella is an assistant professor of philosophy at the University at Albany, State University of New York. This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.
Category:
E-Commerce
Sports are entering a new era and it could be powered by artificial intelligence. Jeremy Bloom, CEO of the X Games, is placing a bold bet on AI to revolutionize how competitions are judged and scored. From reducing human error to enhancing fairness and accuracy, AI judges could redefine the future of professional sports. But can machines truly replace human judgment on the worlds biggest stages?
Category:
E-Commerce
If youre a typical American, you get home from work and start flipping switches and turning knobsdoing laundry, cooking dinner, watching TV. With so many other folks doing the same, the strain on the electrical grid in residential areas is highest at this time. That demand will only grow as the world moves away from fossil fuels, with more people buying induction stoves, heat pumps, and electric vehicles. Thats a challenge for utilities, which are already managing creaky grids across the United States, all while trying to meet a growing demand for power. So theyre now trying to turn EVs from a burden into a boon. More and more models, for instance, feature vehicle-to-grid, or V2G, capabilities, meaning they can send power to the grid as needed. Others are experimenting with whats called active managed charging, in which algorithms stagger when EVs charge, instead of them all drawing energy as soon as their owners plug in. The idea is for some people to charge later, but still have a full battery when they leave for work in the morning. A new report from the Brattle Group, an economic and energy consultancy, done for EnergyHub, which develops such technology, has used real-world data from EV owners in Washington state to demonstrate the potential of this approach, both for utilities and drivers. They found that an active managed charging program saves up to $400 per EV each year, and the vehicles were still always fully charged in the morning. Utilities, too, seem to benefit, as the redistributed demand results in less of a spike in the early evening. That, in turn, would mean that a utility can delay costly upgradeswhich they need in order to accommodate increased electrificationsaving ratepayers money. Active managed charging works in conjunction with something called time of use, in which a utility charges different rates depending on the time of day. Between 4 and 9 p.m., when demand is high, rates are also high. But after 9 p.m., they fall. EV owners who wait until later in the evening to charge pay less for the same electricity. Time-of-use pricing discourages energy use when demand is highest, lightening the load and reducing how much electricity utilities need to generate. But theres nothing stopping everyone from plugging in as soon as cheaper rates kick in at 9 p.m. As EV adoption grows, that coordination problem can create a new spike in demand. An EV can be on its own twice the peak load of a typical home, said Akhilesh Ramakrishnan, managing energy associate at the Brattle Group. You get to the point where they start needing to be managed differently. Thats where active managed charging comes in. Using an app, an EV owner indicates when they need their car to be charged, and how much charge their battery needs for the day. (The app also learns over time to predict when a vehicle will unplug.) When they get home at 6 p.m., the owner can plug in, but the car wont begin to charge. Instead, the system waits until some point in the night to turn on the juice, leaving enough time to fully charge the vehicle by the indicated hour. If customers dont believe that were going to get them there, then theyre not going to allow us to control their vehicle effectively, said Freddie Hall, a data scientist at EnergyHub. The typical driver only goes 30 miles in a day, Hall added, requiring about two hours of charging each night. By actively managing many cars across neighborhoods, the system can more evenly distribute demand throughout the night: Folks will leave for work earlier or later than their neighbors, vehicles with bigger batteries will need more time to charge, and some will be almost empty while others may need to top up. Theyre all still getting the lower prices with time-of-use rates, but theyre not taxing the grid by all charging at 9 p.m. The results are actually very, very promising in terms of reducing the peak loads, said Jan Kleissl, director of the Center for Energy Research at the University of California, San Diego, who wasnt involved in the report. It shows big potential for reducing costs of EV charging in general. Active managed charging would allow the grid to accommodate twice the number of EVs before a utility has to start upgrading the system to handle the added load, according to the report. (And consider all the additional demand for energy from things like data centers.) Those costs inevitably get passed down to all ratepayers. But, the report notes, active managed charging could delay those upgrades by up to a decade. As EVs grow, if you dont implement these solutions, theres going to be a lot more upgrades, and thats going to lead to rate impacts for everyone, Ramakrishnan said. At the same time, EVs could help reduce those rates in the long term, thanks to V2G, a separate emerging technology. It allows a utility to call on EVs sitting in garages as a vast network of backup power. So when demand surges, those vehicles can send power to the grid for others to use, or just power the house theyre sitting in, essentially removing the structure from the grid and lowering demand. (And think of all the fleets of electric vehicles, like school buses, with huge batteries to use as additional power.) With all that backup energy, utilities might not need to build as many costly battery facilities of their own, projects that ratepayers wouldnt need to foot the bill for. Active managed charging and V2G could work in concert, with some batteries draining at 6 p.m. as they provide energy, then recharging later at night. But that ballet will require more large-scale experimentation. How are we going to fit in discharging a battery, as well as charging it overnight? Hall said. Because you do want it available the next day. To cut greenhouse gas emissions as quickly as possible, the world needs more EVs. Now its just a matter of making them benefit the grid instead of taxing it. This article originally appeared in Grist. Grist is a nonprofit, independent media organization dedicated to telling stories of climate solutions and a just future. Learn more at Grist.org
Category:
E-Commerce
The announcement earlier this week that the Minnesota National Guard was standing by to assist local law enforcement and public safety agencies in and around Minneapolis-St. Paul included a surprising detail. If our members are activated, it read, they will be wearing reflective vests to help distinguish them from other agencies in similar uniforms. From a design perspective, the whole point of uniforms is to provide an instant visual signal. But that mission has been thwarted in the ongoing besiegement of the Twin Cities by thousands of officers from Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), Customs and Border Protection, and other federal agencies. Most notably, many sport camouflage and gear that civilians tend to associate with the military. The upshot is that its become harder for the average person to understand at a glance who is there to do what. A Minnesota Army National Guard Captain walks past demonstrators in Minneapolis, Minnesota. January 17, 2026. [Photo: Roberto Schmidt/AFP/Getty Images] Certainly the presence of uniformed members of multiple agencies seems out of hand when the National Guard has to start wearing crossing guard vests to distinguish themselves. The situation would be comical if it werent so bleak, as if its apparently become necessary for members of the U.S. military to visually announce, hey were here to help, not an occupying army or a threat. In a way, this throws into sharp relief how effective the ICE aesthetic has been in projecting a quasi-militaristic version of federal law enforcement. The agencys look has been attracting attention for months as it has pursued undocumented immigrants (or just people it suspects might be) in crackdowns in Chicago, New Orleans, Minneapolis, and elsewhere, often showing up at work sites or public spaces in what resembles military tactical gear, body armor, weapons, and masks. As a GQ assessment of the ICE look pointed out, the agency does not have a single mandatory uniform, just a set of guidelines that give agents latitude to mix street clothes with military-pattern gear, fitted with patches or plate carriers labeled ICE. Most notoriously, many choose to wear gaiter-style masks, to protect their identity and avoid being doxed or otherwise retaliated against. To critics, the upshot of this aesthetic is a lack of transparency and a sense of intimidation: Intentionally or not, the look signals a disruptive, occupying force. You’ve got cops geared up like they’re ready to go fight in Fallujah, one Redditor commented, in order to arrest some cooks and landscapers. At the very least, the overlapping uniform styles can be a source of confusion. If military veterans have to look very hard at images and footage to figure out individual affiliations, then the average citizen is going to easily confuse what they see as a militarized response rather than a law enforcement one, retired Marine Col. David Lapan, a former spokesman for the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Department of Homeland Security, told military news site Task & Purpose. Worst case scenario, Lapan added: It creates the perception that the U.S. military is being used to suppress the American people. Minnesota Army National Guard soldiers in Minneapolis, Minnesota. January 17, 2026. [Photo: Scott Olson/Getty Images] So far the Guard has not been deployed to city streets in Minneapolis; in a press statement, the Minnesota National Guard said they remain on alert could be called on for traffic support to protect life, preserve property, and support the rights of all Minnesotans to assemble peacefully. Underlying the potential visual confusion is the question of whether camouflage serves any particular function for federal agents operating on city streets in the first place. Retired Army Lt. Gen. Russel Honoré, best known for his blunt-talking style while overseeing the National Guard deployment to New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina, pointed out to Task & Purpose: Theres nothing that a camouflage uniform can do for you in an urban operation other than [to] portray a sense of authority. His suggestion to non-military agencies currently using camo: Go get your own goddamned uniforms.
Category:
E-Commerce
Most factories still run on fossil fuels, whether theyre making potato chips or steel. But a new “thermal battery” could make it cheaper to do the same work with clean energy. Electrified Thermal Solutions, a startup spun out from MIT research in 2021, just fired up a demo battery that can hit 1,800degrees Celsiushot enough to make steel, cement, or chemicals. The battery uses power from the grid to heat its custom bricks when electricity is cheap. When a factory needs hot air later, it’s provided by the superheated bricks. [Photo: Electrified Thermal] Its also cheaper to use than natural gas, so factories dont need a climate goal to be convinced to make the switch. [Image: Electrified Thermal] “This is a cheaper approach to heat that today isn’t being taken advantage of, says Daniel Stack, cofounder and CEO of Electrified Thermal Solutions. Electricity is already a cheaper heat source than natural gas, but in the past factories haven’t been able to feasibly use it with their equipment. Some other startups are making similar thermal batteries, but cant reach the highest temperatures needed by certain industries. Electrified Thermals tech, called the Joule Hive Thermal Battery, uses a unique conductive brick that electricity can flow straight through, enabling ultra-high temperatures. [Photo: Electrified Thermal] Backers include ArcelorMittal, the worlds largest steelmaker, which could eventually use the technology to heat up equipment like blast furnaces. The savings for industrial customers could be substantial. We can charge up with the cheapest electricity during hours of low prices, and this can save you 15%, 20%, 30% on your heating bill, Stack says. These commodity industries live and die by the price they pay for their heating inputs. Both in the U.S. and Europe, wholesale electricity prices drop close to zeroor even negative pricesat certain times when renewable energy is abundant. The startup is focused first on Europe, where policy makes it easier to access that cheap electricity. (Even as electricity demand grows from data centers, Stack says that there will still be plenty of surplus electricity available at particular hours at a lower price.) [Photo: Electrified Thermal] The tech is designed to be easily added to existing factories, with pipes connecting hot air from the batteries into existing kilns, boilers, or furnaces. Customers have the option to pay for heat as a service or buy the batteries directly. The new demonstration system, at the Southwest Research Institute in San Antonio, will let potential customers see the equipment in action. Commercial units will begin rolling out to some customers later this year. The batteries can easily scale up, Stack says, and are made from off-the-shelf materials. The bricks are similar to those used in glassmaking, and a large manufacturer, HWI, is beginning to mass manufacture them. If industry at large makes the switch, the climate benefits would be huge. By one estimate, industrial process heat uses around 20% of the world’s energy. “We’re talking about massive emissions reductionsto the tune of several gigatons per year of CO2reduced through this transition,” Stack says.
Category:
E-Commerce
Sites : [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] next »