The Trump administration’s high-profile deployment of federal troops to six U.S. cities has cost taxpayers roughly $496 million through the end of December, and continued deployment could cost over $1 billion for the rest of the year, according to new data from the nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office.President Donald Trump has justified sending National Guard troops into U.S. cities as part of an effort to combat crime and support local law enforcement. Critics of the move argue the deployments undermine state and local authority and exceed the president’s authority under the Constitution.The CBO published the new data estimating the costs associated with the federal deployments of National Guard and active-duty Marines after a request from Sen. Jeff Merkley, D-Ore., who is the ranking member on the Senate Budget Committee.“The American people deserve to know how many hundreds of millions of their hard-earned dollars have been and are being wasted on Trump’s reckless and haphazard deployment of National Guard troops to Portland and cities across the country,” Merkley said in a statement about the CBO report.Factored into the estimates are troop deployments to Chicago, Memphis, Portland, as well as Los Angeles in June, when protesters took to the streets in response to a blitz of immigration arrests. The CBO said continued deployments to those cities would cost about $93 million per month.The estimate excludes the military’s December deployment to New Orleans.For further possible deployments down the road, the CBO estimates deploying 1,000 National Guard personnel to a U.S. city in 2026 would cost $18 million to $21 million per month, depending on the local cost of living.National Guard troops are expected to remain deployed in Washington throughout 2026, according to a memo reviewed by The Associated Press earlier this month.The troop deployments have provoked legal challenges from local leaders, and some have been successful. A California federal judge in January ruled that the Trump administration “willfully” broke federal law by sending National Guard units to the Los Angeles area.White House spokeswoman Abigail Jackson did not address the CBO’s cost estimate but said in a statement that the White House’s deployment efforts have driven down crime.“Thanks to the Trump Administration’s highly successful efforts to drive down violent crime, cities like Memphis and D.C. are much safer for residents and visitors with crime dropping across all major categories,” she said. “The media should talk to individuals who are able to go about their daily lives without fear of being assaulted, carjacked, or robbed thanks to the Trump Administration.”
Fatima Hussein, Associated Press
Shares of Facebook owner Meta Platforms (Nasdaq: META) are surging in premarket trading this morning after the company announced its fourth-quarter 2025 earnings yesterday afternoon.
The earnings not only exceeded investor expectations, but CEO Mark Zuckerberg also laid out his vision for how artificial intelligence is set to transform the companyand personal computingin the years ahead. Heres what you need to know.
Meta reports strong Q4 2025 earnings
Expectations for Metas Q4 2025 were relatively high, but when the company announced its latest quarterly earnings after the bell last night, they exceeded what most investors had hoped for.
Here are the key financials Meta reported:
Quarterly revenue: $59.89 billion
Earnings per share (EPS): $8.88
Quarterly revenue was a 24% increase from the same period a year earlier. As noted by CNBC, it also blew past LSEG analyst expectations of $58.59 billion. In other words, Meta brought in around $1.3 billion more than most people thought it would.
Thanks in part to its strong revenue, Meta also beat earnings per share (EPS) estimates. Most LSEG analysts had been expecting an EPS of $8.23. Meta beat that by 60 cents per share.
The company also revealed some other interesting metrics, most notably about its user base.
For the quarter, Meta reported a family daily active people (DAP) metric of 3.58 billion. Family daily active people is the term Meta uses to encapsulate how many individuals use its family of products on a daily basis.
Metas family of products includes Facebook, Instagram, and WhatsApp. Metas family DAP for the fourth quarter grew 7% year over year.
Looking ahead at the companys financials, Meta said it expects its current first-quarter 2026 revenue to come in at between $53.5 billion and $56.5 billion. Thats significantly ahead of the $51.41 billion most analysts were expecting.
Zuckerberg tries to predict the futureagain
Meta didnt just reveal its financial metrics. Zuckerberg also spoke about the future of technology and the way artificial intelligence will both boost Metas business and change personal computing more broadly.
To the latter point, the chief executive said he believes AI-powered smart glasses will represent a paradigm shift in personal computing, likening the specs to the smartphones impact on computing, and saying glasses will be the ultimate incarnation of the device we use most efficiently to consume AI content.
They’re going to be able to see what you see, hear what you hear, talk to you and help you as you go about your day, and even show you information or generate custom UI right there in your vision, Zuckerberg stated in comments posted to Facebook.
I think we’re at a moment similar to when smartphones arrived, and it was clearly only a matter of time until all those flip phones became smartphones,” he added. “It’s hard to imagine a world in several years where most glasses aren’t AI glasses.
His statement here isnt much of a surprise, however, considering how Meta has long worked on devices aimed at dethroning the smartphone as peoples personal computer of choice.
Meta first tried to do this with its virtual reality headsets and virtual metaverse world. These initiative were run by the companys Reality Labs division. But early this month, Meta initiated massive layoffs at Reality Labsand admitted that its VR product never caught on with the general public.
AI as an advertising booster
Any hardware that Meta makes still represents a minuscule part of Facebooks revenues. The company is, after all, primarily an advertising company, not a hardware technology one.
Around 97% of its revenues are made from selling ads across its platforms.
Not surprisingly, Zuckerberg touched on how artificial intelligence would be a boost to its current ad business. The Meta CEO said that it was currently working on merging its LLMs with its ads system and said that its current world class recommendation systems, which its ads rely on, were still primitive compared to what will be possible soon.
As an example, Zuckerberg pointed out that Meta’s existing ad systems help businesses find the right, specific users who are likely to purchase their goods.
But thanks to AI, New agentic shopping tools will allow people to find just the right very specific set of products from the businesses in our catalogue.
It’s not the only way that Metas ad business stands to benefit from the artificial intelligence boom.
Meta, like many tech giants, is rushing to build out its personal data center capacity to run artificial intelligence tools on. By owning the data center directly, Meta and these other companies will be able to cut down on costs, which are currently paid to third-party data center owners.
As analyst firm MoffettNathanson pointed out in a research note on Thursday, Metas buildup of its own data centers could benefit its business.
[Given] the AI capacity constraint facing the industry, Meta has been forced to use third-party cloud offering as their own data centers are not ready to move online yet, the research firm noted. Longer-term, these workloads should shift from 3rd party contracts to Meta’s own facilities which, we think, should produce margin leverage.
Metas stock price jumps
Given Metas robust Q4 2025 results and a Q1 2026 forecast that beat what most analysts were expecting, its little surprise that the companys stock price is surging in premarket trading this month.
As of this writing, shares of Meta Platforms (Nasdaq: META) are up around 8.8% to $668.73 per share.
In its Thursday note, MoffettNathanson maintained its “buy” rating for Meta’s stock and increased its price target to $810.
As of yesterdays close, META shares had only increased about 1.3% year-to-date, according to Yahoo Finance data.
If the companys premarket stock price gain holds when markets open, that will mean Metas stock has already surged 10% in the first month of 2026.
Todays premarket gain also means that Metas stock price is now out of the red for the past year. As of yesterdays market close, Metas stock was down about eight-tenths of a percent over the past year. That contrasts with the Nasdaq Composites broader gain of around 21% over the same period.
Senate Democrats are threatening to block legislation that would fund the Department of Homeland Security and several other agencies Thursday, potentially bringing the government a step closer to a partial shutdown if Republicans and the White House do not agree to new restrictions on President Donald Trump’s surge of immigration enforcement.As the country reels from the deaths of two protesters at the hands of federal agents in Minneapolis, irate Senate Democrats laid out a list of demands ahead of a Thursday morning test vote, including that officers take off their masks and identify themselves and obtain warrants for arrest. If those are not met, Democrats say they are prepared to block the wide-ranging spending bill, denying Republicans the votes they need to pass it and triggering a shutdown at midnight on Friday.Senate Democratic leader Chuck Schumer said Wednesday that Democrats won’t provide needed votes until U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement is “reined in and overhauled.”“The American people support law enforcement, they support border security, they do not support ICE terrorizing our streets and killing American citizens,” Schumer said.There were some signs of possible progress as the White House has appeared open to trying to strike a deal with Democrats to avert a shutdown. The two sides were talking as of Wednesday evening, according to a person familiar with the negotiations who requested anonymity to speak about the private talks. One possible option discussed would be to strip the funding for the Homeland Security Department from the larger bill, as Schumer has requested, and extend it for a short period to allow time for negotiations, the person said. The rest of the bill would fund government agencies until September.Still, with no agreement yet and an uncertain path ahead, the standoff threatened to plunge the country into another shutdown just two months after Democrats blocked a spending bill over expiring federal health care subsidies, a dispute that closed the government for 43 days as Republicans refused to negotiate.That shutdown ended when a small group of moderate Democrats broke away to strike a deal with Republicans, but Democrats are more unified this time after the fatal shootings of Alex Pretti and Renee Good by federal agents.
Democrats lay out their demands
There’s a lot of “unanimity and shared purpose” within the Democratic caucus, Minnesota Sen. Tina Smith said after a lunch meeting Wednesday.“Boil it all down, what we are talking about is that these lawless ICE agents should be following the same rules that your local police department does,” Smith said. “There has to be accountability.”Amid the administration’s immigration crackdown, Schumer said Democrats are asking the White House to “end roving patrols” in cities and coordinate with local law enforcement on immigration arrests, including requiring tighter rules for warrants.Democrats also want an enforceable code of conduct so agents are held accountable when they violate rules. Schumer said agents should be required to have “masks off, body cameras on” and carry proper identification, as is common practice in most law enforcement agencies.The Democratic caucus is united in those “common sense reforms” and the burden is on Republicans to accept them, Schumer said, as he has pushed for the Homeland spending to be separated out to avoid a broader shutdown.Senate Majority Leader John Thune, R-S.D., has indicated that he might be open to considering some of the Democrats’ demands, but he encouraged Democrats and the White House to talk and find agreement.
Many obstacles to a deal
As the two sides negotiated, it was still unclear whether they could agree on anything that would satisfy Democrats who want Trump’s aggressive crackdown to end.The White House had invited some Democrats for a discussion to better understand their positions and avoid a partial government shutdown, a senior White House official said, but the meeting did not happen. The official requested anonymity to discuss the private invitation.The House passed the six remaining funding bills last week and sent them to the Senate as a package, making it more difficult to strip out the homeland security portion as Democrats have demanded. Republicans could break the package apart with the consent of all 100 senators or through a series of votes that would extend past the Friday deadline.Even if the Senate can resolve the issue, House Republicans have said they do not want any changes to the bill they have passed. In a letter to Trump on Tuesday, the conservative House Freedom Caucus wrote that its members stand with the president and ICE.“The package will not come back through the House without funding for the Department of Homeland Security,” according to the letter.
Republican opposition
Several Republican senators have said they would be fine with Democrats’ request to separate the Homeland Security funds for further debate and pass the other bills in the package. But it might be more difficult to for Democrats to find broad GOP support for their demands on ICE.North Carolina Sen. Thom Tillis said he’s OK with separating the bills, but is opposed to the Democrats’ proposal to require the immigration enforcement officers to unmask and show their faces, even as he blamed Homeland Security Secretary Kristi Noem for decisions that he said are “tarnishing” the agency’s reputation.“You know, there’s a lot of vicious people out there, and they’ll take a picture of your face, and the next thing you know, your children or your wife or your husband are being threatened at home,” Tillis said. “And that’s just the reality of the world that we’re in.”Republican Sen. John Cornyn of Texas said that “what happened over the weekend is a tragedy,” but Democrats shouldn’t punish Americans with a shutdown and a “political stunt.”Democrats say they won’t back down.“It is truly a moral moment,” said Sen. Richard Blumenthal, D-Conn. “I think we need to take a stand.”
Associated Press writer Michelle Price in Washington contributed to this report.
Mary Clare Jalonick, Kevin Freking and Lisa Mascaro, Associated Press
Its been a dramatic week in foreign exchange markets as a six-word comment on Tuesday by President Donald Trump intensified a selloff for the U.S. dollar, sending it to its lowest level in four years.
On Wednesday, Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent sought to do some damage control. It doesnt appear to be working yet.
Understanding whats happening with the dollar now traces back to early 2025, when the greenback hit a multi-year high relative to other currencies just days before Trumps return to the White House. The dollar has tumbled 10% since, a victim of the Sell America trade that first came into vogue after Trump announced sweeping tariff plans last April.
The dollar was already under pressure this month as Trumps rhetoric about acquiring Greenland and his speech at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland reignited that Sell America trade. Last week brought another blow to the greenback when Reuters reported that the New York Federal Reserve had conducted rate checks on the dollar/yen pair, putting traders on alert of a potential coordinated currency intervention by U.S. and Japanese authorities.
And yet, it was a brief comment by Trump on Tuesday that saw the dollar suffer its worst one-day decline since April on Wednesday as currency traders ditched the dollar in favor of safe-haven assets like gold and the Swiss franc.
When asked by a reporter if the dollar had declined too much, Trump brushed off any concerns, saying, No, I think its great.
BESSENT SPARKS BRIEF RALLY
Not everyone agrees with that sentiment, to put things mildly.
The editorial board of The Wall Street Journal published an op-ed on Wednesday, noting that there are good reasons why a strong dollar policy is favored in Washington and that while Trump likes to be an economic iconoclast, he breaks this particular tradition at hisand Americasperil.
Meanwhile, in an interview with CNBC on Wednesday, Bessent sought to reassure traders that the U.S. still has a strong dollar policy and said the U.S. is absolutely not intervening in the currency market right now.
Bessents comments did spark a brief rally for the greenback that faded by early Thursdayan indication that the Trump administration may need to do more to reassure investors.
DOLLAR AND THE ECONOMY
On Wednesday, Federal Reserve policymakers left a benchmark interest rate unchanged, at a range of 3.50% to 3.75%. But Fed Chair Jerome Powell declined to weigh in on the currencys recent decline, telling a reporter, We dont comment about the dollar.
That said, a weaker dollar undeniably has ramifications for the broader economy.
A weaker dollar can boost U.S. exports by making American goods cheaper for foreign buyers, but it hurts consumers and businesses as the cost of imports becomes more expensive and risks inflation. Meanwhile, Americans pay more while traveling abroad, while its cheaper for foreign tourists to visit the U.S.
DOLLAR BEAR MARKET
The dollar is still strong by historic standardsand particularly compared to a roughly 12-year period between 2003 and 2015but some investors caution that the worst of its recent declines arent over.
In fact, the term bear market is increasingly being bandied about. A bear market is defined as a decline of at least 20% from a recent peak.
A longer-term dollar bear market is likely and could be worsened by an investing dynamic in recent years, as Cole Smead, CEO and portfolio manager at Smead Capital Management, told CNBCs Squawk Box Europe on Wednesday. Thats because a huge amount of money has poured into the U.S. over the past decade, and traders will eventually seek out better returns elsewhere.
Were going to see the dollar struggle because of that capital account movement abroad, Smead said.
More immediately, international traders once again have reason to hedge their bets on the U.S. given Trumps remarks.
Stephen Jen, chief executive of London-based asset manager Eurizon SLJ Capital, told The Wall Street Journal that he expects a further 20% decline for the currency. The world is not ready.
Dearest gentle reader, Netflix humble requests your presence on your couch this today Thursday, January 29, 2026 to binge part one of the fourth season of its hit series Bridgerton. It is up to you whether or not to don your finest gowns, tiaras, and petticoats or simply leave that to the actors gracing your screens. While Lady Whistledowns identity is now common knowledge, society still has its eyes and judgement on you. So here are some facts you should know going into this next chapter so you are not the laughing stock of the season. Dont say we didnt try to help.
What is the basic premise of Bridgerton?
Netflixs Bridgerton is based on a series of romance novels by Julia Quinn. There are eight novels in the main series, each focusing on a Bridgerton sibling and a classic romance trope such as enemies to lovers. Additionally, since the popularity of the series epilogues, novellas, and one prequel book has expanded the literary world of the franchise.The plot centers on the individual Bridgerton family members quest for love in Regency Era London. The young adults and children are guided by their loving mother Violet who does her best despite missing her late husband who was killed by a bee sting before his children were of marrying age.
Who is the creative force behind Bridgerton?
Shonda Rhimes [Photo: Dimitrios Kambouris/Getty Images for Netflix]
It is wild to think that Bridgerton came about because in 2017 creator Shonda Rhimes was sick on vacation. While she wasnt feeling well, she ran out of things to read and picked up Quinns first novel in the series, The Duke and I, which by chance was left in her room. After devouring it, she went out fever and all to the local bookstore to buy the rest of the books in the series. A seed for an idea was planted.That same year, Rhimes left ABC, her previous creative home, and signed a very lucrative four year overall deal with Netflix. Industry insiders estimated this deal was worth around$100 million dollars. With her newfound creative freedom outside the world of traditional network television, Rhimes teamed up with Netflix to tackle a genre that was looked down upon, romance.
Why was Bridgerton such a surprise hit?
Bridgerton was a gamble for both Rhimes and Netflix. Historically, traditional cable channels tended to stay in their land and do one genre well. For example HBO and Showtime focused on dark, gritty offerings that wouldnt make it past the censors of network televisions. Netflix has offerings for all, including women.
Rhimes unabashedly embraced the Regency era and the pursuit of love and marriage. She also put her own unique fingerprints on it by creating an ethnically diverse world. One way she accomplished this was through the character of Queen Charlotte who did not appear in the original book series but was a real historical figure. While historians will continue to debate her ethnicity, in the show she is a Black woman. Her character’s popularity inspired Quinn to pair up with Rhimes to write the prequel novel. This representation in a genre that doesnt typically see diversity helped create even more fans.
Golda Rosheuvel (left) as Queen Charlotte, Adjoa Andoh as Lady Danbury. [Photo: Liam Daniel/Netflix]
Bridgertons first season debuted on Christmas day 2020. Eighty-two million homes tuned in (including partial viewers) so clearly men got into the action as well. This massive number was even bigger than Netflix projected and made Bridgerton Netflixs biggest series at the time. While the global pandemic certainly helped initially, the momentum for this series did not die down.
Season 3s numbers continued to impress. This installment achieved 45.1M views opening weekend alone. Season 4 is primed to build on this momentum.
Who does Bridgerton season 4 focus on?
Season 4 is a Bridgerton twist on the Cinderella story. This time it is Benedict Bridgertons turn to find love. (Actor Luke Thompson is up to the challenge.)Benedict is the second oldest son which means he has a little more freedom than his older brother Anthony. He has used this freedom to pursue the arts and explore his sexuality, briefly considering a throuple in season 3.While his personality is bohemian, Violet fears he is a bit lost and needs to settle down. It is believed his sister Eloise (played by Claudia Jessie) will also be heavily featured in the season both because of their close relationship and the need to set up her future season.Last season also saw his sister Francesca married to John Stirling, the Earl of Kilmartin. Readers know some plot points also need to happen here for her season to be able to unfold.
What new actors are joining the cast in season 4?
Since Bridgerton is about a family, the core cast stays mainly the same with the focus shifting to whomevers love story is front and center for the season. Although sometimes this means fan favorites such as Simone Ashley (Kate Sharma) are not seen on screen. She is just one of the actors not listed on Netflixs official Season 4 cast announcement.Others not present are Jessica Madsen (Cressida Cowper), Bessie Carter (Prudence Featherington), James Phoon (Harry Dankwoth) or Harriet Cains (Philippa Featherington). Never fear the supporting cast does have additions to make up for these absences.Yerin Ha will don a mask for her turn as Benedict’s love interest Sophie Baek. The couple first meet at a masquerade ball that was teased in season 3.
L to R: Michelle Mao as Rosamund Li, Katie Leung as Lady Araminta Gao, and Isabella Wei as Posy Li. [Photo: Liam Daniel/Netflix]
The role of Lady Araminta Gun, aka the wicked stepmother, will be tackled by Katie Leung. Audiences might remember her from her role as Cho Chang in the Harry Potter movies.Rounding out the supporting cast are the stepsisters Michelle Mao as Rosamund Li and Isabella Wei as Posy Li.Fans can also expect to see familiar faces such as Jonathan Bailey, Nicola Coughlan, and Luke Newton.
What are the release dates for season 4?
Netflix is following a similar release schedule to season 3. The first four episodes will drop on Thursday, January 29, 2026 at 3 a.m. ET. The concluding four episodes of the season will debut on February 26, 2026.
As Italy prepares for the 2026 Winter Olympics, a crucial part of the prep is the manufacturing of artificial snow; the Olympics organizing committee plans to make 2.4 million cubic meters of the stuff.
The practice has become more and more common as climate change leads to warmer temperatures and less reliable snow packs. But as climate change worsens, artificial snow wont even be enough to help certain countries host the Winter Games.
By mid-century, the number of countries that could potentially host the Winter Olympic Games could be cut nearly in half, according to a recent study from the University of Waterloo.
Currently, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) says there are 93 potential host locations that have the winter sports infrastructure needed to host the games. That includes arenas for events like hockey and ice skating and areas for snow sports outside of a big city.
If countries continue with their current climate policies, though, that number drops to 52 locations that would remain climate-reliable for the Winter Olympics by 2050, according to the study, which was published in the journal Current Issues in Tourism.
For the Paralympics, which occur in March after the Olympics in February, the situation is even more dire: By 2050, there are only 22 potential host locations.
The Olympics need snowmaking
Those remaining locations would still require artificial snowmaking, a process that needs cold and dry air. In some places, its becoming too warm to even make snow or to maintain that snowpack.
Those are the [locations] that drop off our list of climate-reliable, says Daniel Scott, the study’s lead author and a professor in the Faculty of Environment at Waterloo.
This happened during the 2010 Vancouver Winter Olympics: An El Nino brought record high temperatures along with rain to the area before the games, which meant officials couldnt make snow. Instead, they had to bring in snow via trucks and helicopters from higher elevations.
If the snow, real or artificial, melts and turns into slush, that becomes a safety issue for athletesand generally hinders their athletic performance.
Without snowmaking, the study found, the number of potential hosts for the Winter Olympics plummets to just four by the 2050s.
Those are Niseko, Japan; Terskol, Russia; and Val dIsre and Courchevel in France.
Is snowmaking sustainable?
To not use snowmaking makes about as much sense as moving hockey and figure skating back outside, the way it was in the 1930s, Scott says.
The question, then, is how to make snowmaking as sustainable as possible, just like how officials work to make their refrigerated arenas as sustainable as possible.
Snowmaking can require a lot of both energy and waterbut just how environmentally harmful it is depends on the specific location.
The power grid in France, for example, is nearly completely free of fossil fuels, so a higher electricity demand for snowmaking there wouldnt directly lead to more emissions.
In Utah, though, under 20% of electricity comes from renewable energy. That means making snow in Salt Lake City would come with a carbon footprint.
Making the Winter Olympics earlier
Along with looking at climate-reliable locations, the Waterloo study explored some adaptation strategies to make the Winter Games more resilient against rising temperatures.
Combining the Olympics and Paralympics so both occur in February, when colder temperatures are more likely, would be too difficult because of the size and complexity.
But the researchers found that if the games each shifted to be a few weeks earlier, the number of climate-reliable host locations for the Paralympics increases to 38. That would mean the Paralympics begin in the last week of February.
Cortina dAmpezzo, the Italian Alps town that will host certain events for the upcoming 2026 Olympics, has already seen the effects of climate change. February temperatures there are 6.4 degrees F warmer than in 1956, the first year Cortina hosted the Winter Games.
The IOC plans locations years in advance, meaning it relies on this kind of modeling data to make hosting decisions. The committee is already planning who will host the 2038 games, and after that are the 2040 Olympics, already close to that mid-century mark that eliminates a bunch of possible locales.
Its only going to become increasingly important for the IOC to pay attention to climate science. The past three years have been the hottest on record, and 2024 was the first year to surpass 1.5 degrees of human-caused warming.
If that kind of acceleration were to continue, it would be more and more important for [the IOC] to take note of, Scott says.
The more qualified you are today, the harder it is to get hired. This is not a guess. Its a documented, scientific reality.
A recent study published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology found that when job candidates were perceived as high-capability, highly experienced, highly credentialed, or simply more advanced than what a role required, they were less likely to be hired than lower-capability applicants, even when all other factors were equal.
The researchers behind this study discovered something most hiring managers would never admit: candidates who appear too good for a job are viewed with suspicion. Not because of any specific flaw, but because of what they might do.
They might leave too soon. They might expect too much compensation. They might act superior. They might disrupt the hierarchy. Or, they might just get bored and leave. So, employers hedge. They take the path of least resistance. They pass on the most capable candidates, not because they doubt their skills, but because they fear the candidates motives.
Increasingly, the overqualified label is used to avoid confronting deeper forms of bias against age, against education, or against those who they think may not fit into a companys hierarchy. These concerns are more emotional than rational, rooted in fear, insecurity, and a desire for safety, calm, and steadiness.
If youve been in the job market for a while and you have a long résumé, seniority, and lots of education behind you, youve felt this firsthand. Youve applied to roles that match your background perfectly and heard nothing. Its not in your head. The system is flagging you as a problem. Fortunately, this bias can be overcome.
Rewriting the story
The same study showed that high-capability candidates can get hired if they know how to rewrite the story that employers are telling themselves. The researchers found that when highly capable applicants took three specific actions, the hiring bias against them disappeared. Not reduced, eliminated. These specific actions include: 1) High commitment to the company and role, 2) Organizational alignment (culture and values), and 3) Hunger for the job at hand, not just any job.
Overall, the biggest fear hiring managers have about high-capability candidates is that theyre secretly holding out for something better. Of course, many are. They apply broadly. They keep doors open. They mention that theyre entertaining other opportunities during interviews. And thats exactly what sinks them. Like their search for the right culture fit, employers these days arent just hiring for skills, theyre hiring commitment. If they believe youll accept another offer or back out after an offer is extended, they wont take the risk. Period.
The study mentioned previously found that even the most qualified candidates were viewed more positively and were more likely to be hired when they showed high levels of commitment to both the company and the position. Not generic interest. Not professional courtesy. Real, observable, targeted commitment.
What to do
So how do you show that? You do it three ways: preparation, positioning, and language.
All three work together to shift the employers perception of you from flight risk to first choice.
Hiring managers can tell when a candidate has done their homework, and for experienced professionals, preparation matters even more. You cant rely on your résumé to do the convincing. You have to show them that you didnt just apply because the job matched a few keywords; you applied because you chose their company for a specific reason.
Many overqualified candidates unintentionally undermine their own commitment by saying things like, I already have a lot of experience in this area. Or plainly, Ive done this before. Or self-centeredly, This is a good fit for my background.
None of those statements signals loyalty. They signal neutrality at best. They say, I can do this job, not I want this job.
Lead with what’s next
To keep from accidentally positioning yourself as someone whos just applying to collect a paycheck, you need to stop leading with what youve done and start leading with what you want to do next. That next thing? Make it clear that its this role.
Theyre not asking to evaluate your ambitions. Theyre asking to evaluate your loyalty. What they want to hear is simple: I see myself here. Doing what the company needs. Evolving with the team. Staying, contributing, and growing.
They want language that says, This is not a temporary stop. This is where I plan to stay. Long-term commitment is what builds trust. Its what gets you hired in a system that assumes people like yousomeone experienced, overqualified, and resourcefulwill walk away the minute something shinier comes along.
The current hiring systems are built to minimize perceived risk. And right now, highly capable and credentialed job candidates look risky. Not because of what theyve done, but because of what employers assume theyll do next. If this sounds like you and you want to change it, you have to make new assumptions easier to believe. This isnt about playing small. Its about showing commitment, not ambivalence. Collaboration, not superiority. Focus, not distraction.
Removing the risk label requires you to own your experience and your intentions, at the same time.
New York City Mayor Zohran Mamdani faced his first snowstorm as mayor over the weekend wearing a trio of jackets that had his new job title embroidered on the chest and sleeve. One was custom with a message written on the inside collar and typography on the front pulled from New York’s past.
Contrary to what you might assume, being elected mayor of New York doesn’t automatically get you access to a wardrobe of customized city agency jackets with “Mayor” embroidered on the outside hanging in the closet for you at Gracie Mansion. Those have to be given or made.
[Photo: Adam Gray/Bloomberg/Getty Images]
Two of the jackets he wore were given to him: a green fleece from the New York City Department of Sanitation (DSNY), and a black windbreaker from the New York City Emergency Management Department (NYCEM). A third, black, custom Carhartt jacket was personalized at the Brooklyn embroidery shop Arena Embroidery.
[Photo: Michael Appleton/Mayoral Photography Office]
The custom jacket features “The City of New York” written out in long-limbed serifs originally found on old municipal stationery letterhead from the 1980s and ’90s. The wordmark appears in white on the front right chest. Written inside of the collar, hidden from view of the cameras, is the phrase “No Problem Too Big, No Task Too Small.”
View this post on Instagram
The typographic style of the “The City of New York” mark is vintage, but it’s also back in vogue. Noah Neary, a senior adviser to Mamdani’s wife, Rama Duwaji, designed the mark, and the style can be seen on items like “New York or Nowhere” brand totes, or even on an “Eric Adams Raised My Rent” shirt from Mamdani’s mayoral campaign.
For elected officials, these officially embroidered jackets have become the unofficial uniform at public events when Mother Nature strikes. Surveying fire damage last year in California, for example, President Donald Trump wore a windbreaker with the presidential seal on the front and California Gov. Gavin Newsom wore a quarter-zip with a bear, referencing the state flag. For Mamdani, his jackets signaled common cause with the city’s workers during a deadly storm.
Political natural disaster wardrobe choices can easily veer into cosplay, like Republican lawmakers who dress like they’re going to a war zone when they’re just going to Texas. And simply wearing the right clothes to an event is not foolproof. What people remember about Trump’s visit to Puerto Rico after Hurricane Maria in 2017 wasn’t his jacket, but the image of him tossing paper towels and the delay of billions of dollars worth of aid.
[Photo: Kara McCurdy/Mayoral Photography Office]
Dressing more casually, though, does serve as an important form of visual communication when storms, fires, earthquakes, or other threats arise. You don’t show up to a disaster zone in a suit and tie. For Mamdani, his jackets showed solidarity with a city, its workers, and its citizens during his first snowstorm in office with a custom nod to city history.
Have you ever had the experience of rereading a sentence multiple times only to realize you still dont understand it? As taught to scores of incoming college freshmen, when you realize youre spinning your wheels, its time to change your approach.
This process, becoming aware of something not working and then changing what youre doing, is the essence of metacognition, or thinking about thinking.
Its your brain monitoring its own thinking, recognizing a problem, and controlling or adjusting your approach. In fact, metacognition is fundamental to human intelligence and, until recently, has been understudied in artificial intelligence systems.
My colleagues Charles Courchaine, Hefei Qiu, Joshua Iacoboni, and I are working to change that. Weve developed a mathematical framework designed to allow generative AI systems, specifically large language models like ChatGPT or Claude, to monitor and regulate their own internal cognitive processes. In some sense, you can think of it as giving generative AI an inner monologue, a way to assess its own confidence, detect confusion, and decide when to think harder about a problem.
Why machines need self-awareness
Todays generative AI systems are remarkably capable but fundamentally unaware. They generate responses without genuinely knowing how confident or confused their response might be, whether it contains conflicting information, or whether a problem deserves extra attention. This limitation becomes critical when generative AIs inability to recognize its own uncertainty can have serious consequences, particularly in high-stakes applications such as medical diagnosis, financial advice, and autonomous vehicle decision-making.
For example, consider a medical generative AI system analyzing symptoms. It might confidently suggest a diagnosis without any mechanism to recognize situations where it might be more appropriate to pause and reflect, like These symptoms contradict each other or This is unusual, I should think more carefully.
Developing such a capacity would require metacognition, which involves both the ability to monitor ones own reasoning through self-awareness and to control the response through self-regulation.
Inspired by neurobiology, our framework aims to give generative AI a semblance of these capabilities by using what we call a metacognitive state vector, which is essentially a quantified measure of the generative AIs internal cognitive state across five dimensions.
5 dimensions of machine self-awareness
One way to think about these five dimensions is to imagine giving a generative AI system five different sensors for its own thinking.
Emotional awareness, to help it track emotionally charged content, which might be important for preventing harmful outputs.
Correctness evaluation, which measures how confident the large language model is about the validity of its response.
Experience matching, where it checks whether the situation resembles something it has previously encountered.
Conflict detection, so it can identify contradictory information requiring resolution.
Problem importance, to help it assess stakes and urgency to prioritize resources.
We quantify each of these concepts within an overall mathematical framework to create the metacognitive state vector and use it to control ensembles of large language models. In essence, the metacognitive state vector converts a large language models qualitative self-assessments into quantitative signals that it can use to control its responses.
For example, when a large language models confidence in a response drops below a certain threshold, or the conflicts in the response exceed some acceptable levels, it might shift from fast, intuitive processing to slow, deliberative reasoning. This is analogous to what psychologists call System 1 and System 2 thinking in humans
Conducting an orchestra
Imagine a large language model ensemble as an orchestra where each musician an individual large language model comes in at certain times based on the cues received from the conductor. The metacognitive state vector acts as the conductors awareness, constantly monitoring whether the orchestra is in harmony, whether someone is out of tune, or whether a particularly difficult passage requires extra attention.
When performing a familiar, well-rehearsed piece, like a simple folk melody, the orchestra easily plays in quick, efficient unison with minimal coordination needed. This is the System 1 mode. Each musician knows their part, the harmonies are straightforward, and the ensemble operates almost automatically.
But when the orchestra encounters a complex jazz composition with conflicting time signatures, dissonant harmonies, or sections requiring improvisation, the musicians need greater coordination. The conductor directs the musicians to shift roles: Some become section leaders, others provide rhythmic anchoring, and soloists emerge for specific passages.
This is the kind of system were hoping to create in a computational context by implementing our framework, orchestrating ensembles of large language models. The metacognitive state vector informs a control system that acts as the conductor, telling it to switch modes to System 2. It can then tell each large language model to assume different rolesfor example, critic or expertand coordinate their complex interactions based on the metacognitive assessment of the situation.
Impact and transparency
The implications extend far beyond making generative AI slightly smarter. In health care, a metacognitive generative AI system could recognize when symptoms dont match typical patterns and escalate the problem to human experts rather than risking misdiagnosis. In education, it could adapt teaching strategies when it detects student confusion. In content moderation, it could identify nuanced situations requiring human judgment rather than applying rigid rules.
Perhaps most importantly, our framework makes generative AI decision-making more transparent.Instead of a black box that simply produces answers, we get systems that can explain their confidence levels, identify their uncertainties, and show why they chose particular reasoning strategies.
This interpretability and explainability is crucial for building trust in AI systems, especially in regulated industries or safety-critical applications.
The road ahead
Our framework does not give machines consciousness or true self-awareness in the human sense. Instead, our hope is to provide a computational architecture for allocating resources and improving responses that also serves as a first step toward more sophisticated approaches for full artificial metacognition.
The next phase in our work involves validating the framework with extensive testing, measuring how metacognitive monitoring improves performance across diverse tasks, and extending the framework to start reasoning about reasoning, or metareasoning. Were particularly interested in scenarios where recognizing uncertainty is crucial, such as in medical diagnoses, legal reasoning, and generating scientific hypotheses.
Our ultimate vision is generative AI systems that dont just process information but understand their cognitive limitations and strengths. This means systems that know when to be confident and when to be cautious, when to think fast and when to slow down, and when theyre qualified to answer and when they should defer to others.
Ricky J. Sethi is a professor of computer science at Fitchburg State University and Worcester Polytechnic Institute.
This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.
In December 2025, the Department of Transportation (DOT) put out a call for design concepts for new terminals and concourses at Washington Dulles International Airport. The DOT claimed Dulles had fallen into disrepair and was “no longer an airport suitable and grand enough for the capital of the United States of America.”
The agency said it was looking for proposals to either replace the airport’s existing main terminal and satellite concourses or build upon them. It also noted Trump’s executive order calling for classical architecture in federal building projects.
Mobile lounges on the tarmac at Dulles International Airport [Photo: carterdayne/Getty Images]
A number of firms submitted proposals, including Ferrovial, Phoenix Infrastructure Group, and Alvarez & Marshal Infrastructure and Capital Projects. The submission from Bermello Ajamil & Partners and Zaha Hadid Architects included architectural renderings with a prominent feature that appears to be custom designed for a president who is fond of putting his name on things.
[Rendering: Ajamil & Partners/Zaha Hadid Architects, via USDOT]
The firms’ proposed terminal design would boast a “grand arch” made of a transparent facade and lettering that reads “Donald J. Trump Terminal.” In some renderings, the name is written out in Trajan, a serif font used by the Trump Organization. In one Reddit thread, commenters criticized the move as “shameless” and brought up Zaha Hadid’s work for authoritarian regimes.
[Rendering: Ajamil & Partners/Zaha Hadid Architects, via USDOT]
Renderings show the Trump terminal superimposed over the airport’s iconic existing terminal, completed in 1962 with a swooping concave roof and large window sides designed by architect Eero Saarinen. A departures hall in the proposed new building builds on Saarinen’s use of openness and natural light with a continuous skylight over a long-span roof.
[Rendering: Ajamil & Partners/Zaha Hadid Architects, via USDOT]
Bermello Ajamil & Partners has designed terminals for airports in Miami and Fort Lauderdale. Past projects by Zaha Hadid Architects include Western Sydney International Airport in Australia, Bishoftu International Airport in Ethiopia, and Beijing Daxing International Airport in China. Zaha Hadid Architects did not respond to a request for comment.
