The Justice Department has threatened the Federal Reserve with a criminal indictment over the testimony of Fed Chair Jerome Powell this summer regarding its building renovations, Powell said over the weekend.
It is a major escalation by the administration after repeated attempts by President Donald Trump to exert greater control over the independent institution.
Trump has repeatedly attacked Powell for not cutting the short-term interest rate, and even threatened to fire him. Powells caution has infuriated Trump, who has demanded the Fed cut borrowing costs to spur the economy and reduce the interest rates the federal government pays on its debt. That anger has not subsided even after the Fed cut interest rates in three of the final four months of 2025.
Trump has also accused Powell of mismanaging the U.S. central banks $2.5 billion building renovation project. In a sharp departure from his previous responses to attacks by Trump, Powell described the threat of criminal charges as simple pretexts to undermine the Feds independence when it comes to setting interest rates.
While there has been a limited response from Republican lawmakers, there have been several early breaks with the party.
If there were any remaining doubt whether advisers within the Trump Administration are actively pushing to end the independence of the Federal Reserve, there should now be none, said North Carolina Sen. Thom Tillis, who sits on the Banking Committee, which oversees Fed nominations.
Trump is already seeking to fire Federal Reserve Governor Lisa Cook over unproven allegations that she committed mortgage fraud. The allegation was made over the summer by Bill Pulte, a Trump appointee to the Federal Housing Administration.
Here are some reasons why the independence of the U.S. Federal Reserve is guarded so closely.
Why the Fed’s independence matters
The Fed wields extensive power over the U.S. economy. By cutting the short-term interest rate it controls which it typically does when the economy falters the Fed can make borrowing cheaper and encourage more spending, accelerating growth and hiring. When it raises the rate which it does to cool the economy and combat inflation it can weaken the economy and cause job losses.
Economists have long preferred independent central banks because they can more easily take unpopular steps to fight inflation, such as raise interest rates, which makes borrowing to buy a home, car, or appliances more expensive.
The importance of an independent Fed was cemented for most economists after the extended inflation spike of the 1970s and early 1980s. Former Fed Chair Arthur Burns has been widely blamed for allowing the painful inflation of that era to accelerate by succumbing to pressure from President Richard Nixon to keep rates low heading into the 1972 election. Nixon feared higher rates would cost him the election, which he won in a landslide.
Paul Volcker was eventually appointed chair of the Fed in 1979 by President Jimmy Carter, and he pushed the Fed’s short-term rate to the stunningly high level of nearly 20%. (It is currently 3.6%, the lowest it has been in nearly three years.) The eye-popping rates triggered a sharp recession, pushed unemployment to nearly 11%, and spurred widespread protests.
Yet Volcker didn’t flinch. By the mid-1980s, inflation had fallen back into the low single digits. Volcker’s willingness to inflict pain on the economy to throttle inflation is seen by most economists as a key example of the value of an independent Fed.
Investors are watching closely
An effort to fire Powell would almost certainly cause stock prices to fall and bond yields to spike higher, pushing up interest rates on government debt and raising borrowing costs for mortgages, auto loans, and credit card debt. The interest rate on the 10-year Treasury is a benchmark for mortgage rates.
All major U.S. markets slid Monday at the opening bell, bond yields edged higher and the value of the U.S dollar declined.
Most investors prefer an independent Fed, partly because it typically manages inflation better without being influenced by politics, but also because its decisions are more predictable. Fed officials often publicly discuss how they would alter interest rate policies if economic conditions changed.
If the Fed was more swayed by politics, it would be harder for financial markets to anticipate or understand its decisions.
While the Fed controls a short-term rate, financial markets determine longer-term borrowing costs for mortgages and other loans. And if investors worry that inflation will stay high, they will demand higher yields on government bonds, pushing up borrowing costs across the economy.
In Turkey, for example, President Recep Tayyip Erdogan forced the central bank to keep interest rates low in the early 2020s, even as inflation spiked to 85%. In 2023, Erdogan allowed the central bank more independence, which has helped bring down inflation, but short-term interest rates rose to 50% to fight inflation, and remain high.
The Fed’s independence doesn’t mean it’s unaccountable
Fed chairs like Powell are appointe by the president to serve four-year terms, and have to be confirmed by the Senate. The president also appoints the six other members of the Fed’s governing board, who can serve staggered terms of up to 14 years.
Those appointments can allow a president over time to significantly alter the Fed’s policies. Former president Joe Biden appointed four of the current seven members: Powell, Cook, Philip Jefferson, and Michael Barr. A fifth Biden appointee, Adriana Kugler, stepped down unexpectedly on Aug. 1, about five months before the end of her term. Trump has already nominated his top economist, Stephen Miran, as a potential replacement, though he will require Senate approval. Cook’s term ends in 2038, so forcing her out would allow Trump to appoint a loyalist sooner.
Trump will be able to replace Powell as Fed chair in May, when Powells term expires. Yet 12 members of the Feds interest-rate setting committee have a vote on whether to raise or lower interest rates, so even replacing the Chair doesnt guarantee that Fed policy will shift the way Trump wants.
Congress, meanwhile, can set the Fed’s goals through legislation. In 1977, for example, Congress gave the Fed a dual mandate to keep prices stable and seek maximum employment. The Fed defines stable prices as inflation at 2%.
The 1977 law also requires the Fed chair to testify before the House and Senate twice every year about the economy and interest rate policy.
Could the president fire Powell before his term ends?
The Supreme Court last year suggested in a ruling on other independent agencies that a president can’t fire the chair of the Fed just because he doesn’t like the chair’s policy choices. But he may be able to remove him for cause, typically interpreted to mean some kind of wrongdoing or negligence.
It’s a likely reason the Trump administration has zeroed in on the building renovation, in hopes it could provide a for cause pretext. Still, Powell would likely fight any attempt to remove him, and the case could wind up at the Supreme Court.
Christopher Rugaber, AP economics writer
Americans stressed by high grocery bills have one bright spot to look forward to in 2026. Value-minded grocery chain Aldi is coming to more cities around the country, with 180 new stores set to open in the U.S. this year.
Aldi is a compelling option for grocery shoppers on a budget. Founded in Germany, the company envisioned itself as a discount grocery store from day one. Aldis aggressive U.S. expansion will meet the needs of more shoppers seeking a no-frills grocery experience without compromising on quality a niche shared by Aldi competitors like Costco and Trader Joes.
The budget grocery chain currently operates in 39 states across more than 2,600 stores in the U.S. By the end of 2026, it plans to add 180 new stores, with some states getting their first Aldi, including a new location in Portland, Maine. The grocer is expanding aggressively in the West in particular, with 50 stores planned for Denver and Colorado Springs alone over the next five years. Phoenix will get 10 new Aldi locations in 2026, with 40 planned by the end of 2030 and four new Las Vegas area stores are on the way in the next few years as well.
These strategic investments are all about making sure customers can continue to count on us for the quality, affordable groceries and enjoyable shopping experience they love, Aldi CEO Atty McGrath said in a press release. As we look ahead to our next 50 years in the U.S., well continue to earn shopper loyalty by staying true to whats made ALDI successful: keeping things simple and delivering real value.
Beyond the West, Aldi is pushing deeper into the Southeast U.S. through its 2024 acquisition of Southeastern Grocers, the parent company of grocery chain Winn-Dixie. The company will continue converting many of those locations into Aldi stores, with 200 set to be finished by the end of next year.
Aldi builds its brand
As Americas fastest-growing grocer, Aldi is focused on entering new markets, but the company is also refining aspects of its brand in the process.
Late last year, Aldi began putting its own brand on its in-house products, communicating more clearly with customers that they can only buy many of the things they enjoy at Aldi. Private label is the core of what we do, Scott Patton, Aldis chief commercial officer, told Fast Company. Im not going to say we invented it; I would say weve perfected it.
More than 90% of the grocers offerings are private label, but that fact isnt always apparent to shoppers a problem the company plans to solve. The overall sentiment was, on average, customers didnt know that was an Aldi brand, Kristy Reitz, Aldis director of brand and design, told Fast Company. Now if they shop us a little less frequently, they think they can find that brand elsewhere, and in fact its a private-label brand to Aldi.
The K-shaped economy and Aldi
Aldis booming business isnt a coincidence. Its stores command a loyal following by combining high quality with affordability, but its the latter thats really weighing on the minds of U.S. shoppers right now.
According to a poll by the Associated Press last year, an overwhelming majority of American households are worried about the high cost of groceries. Around half of people polled said that the high cost of groceries was a major stressor, with only 14% reporting that they werent worried about how much they pay to stock the fridge.
No matter what you call it, rich Americans are getting richer while much of the rest of the country is struggling to make ends meet. That K-shaped economy is taking shape in a number of ways, but the crux of it is that lower and middle income consumers are wrestling with a higher cost of living taking a bigger bite out of their earnings while the wealthiest Americans, buoyed by stock market highs, just keep spending.
Because the cost of basic needs like food and housing has soared in recent years and American wages havent kept up, many people in the U.S. feel left in the lurch. That leaves a lot of potential Aldi shoppers hunting for deals on the essentials.
Other stripped down discount shopping options are also booming. Costcos share price has more than doubled since the current inflationary streak began, with shoppers flocking en masse into its warehouses to stock up on high quality, low markup goods and groceries.
Its no surprise that refreshingly non-predatory brands are inspiring small armies of devoted followers who evangelize about the good deals they find. People stressed about their grocery bills have found a safe haven with stores like Aldi and Costco and for anyone who isnt, theres always Erewhon.
Facebook owner Meta has named Dina Powell McCormick, a former Trump administration adviser and longtime finance executive, as president and vice chairman of the tech giant.
Powell McCormick previously served on Meta’s board of directors where, the company notes, she was deeply engaged in accelerating its artificial intelligence push across platforms. In her new management role, Meta says Powell McCormick will help guide its overall strategy, including the execution of multi-billion-dollar investments.
The news, announced Monday, quickly gained the applause of U.S. President Donald Trump. In a post on his social media platform Truth Social, the Republican president said the move was a great choice by Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg and noted that Powell McCormick had served the Trump Administration with strength and distinction.
Zuckerberg said in a statement that Powell McCormicks experience in global finance, combined with her deep relationships around the world, made her uniquely suited to help Meta in its future growth.
Powell McCormick is a veteran of two presidential administrations and the Republican National Committee. She worked as a national security adviser at the start of Trump’s first term, and also held roles in the White House and the Secretary of State’s office under President George W. Bush. She is married to U.S. Sen. David McCormick, who served in high-level positions in the Commerce and Treasury departments under Bush before he joined hedge fund Bridgewater Associates and rose to become CEO.
And Powell McCormick has a long background in finance. She spent 16 years in senior leadership at Goldman Sachs, but was most recently vice chair, president and head of global client services at merchant bank BDT & MSD Partners. She’s also held a handful of other corporate board positions including at oil giant Exxon Mobil.
According to a securities filing, Powell McCormick had previously resigned from Meta’s board in December, eight months after joining as a director.
The addition of Powell McCormick to Meta’s management team arrived amid wider efforts from California-based Meta to boost its ties with Trump, who was once banned from Facebook. Like other powerful tech CEOs, Zuckerberg has dined with the president at the White House and doubled down on U.S. investment promises worth hundreds of billions of dollars. Last year, the company also appointed Ultimate Fighting Championship CEO Dana White to its board, another familiar figure in Trump’s orbit.
Wyatte Grantham-Philips, AP business writer
AP Reporter Marc Levy contributed to this report.
Iran hasn’t changed its flag, but the emoji for it has changed on X, the social network previously known as Twitter.
Iran’s tricolor flag features green, white, and red horizontal stripes, with the country’s national emblem displayed in its center white stripe. But some opposition groups use a historical flag that instead shows a golden lion holding a sword in front of a sun.
Since ongoing anti-government demonstrations erupted in Iran in December, that lion-and-sun version of the flag has been used as a symbol of protest around the world, including in demonstrations over the weekend in Los Angeles and London, where one protester held the flag at the Iranian embassy after taking down the national flag.
Now it’s also on X.
[Images: x.com/Twemoji]
After an X user asked the site’s head of product, Nikita Bier, to update the flag last Thursday, Bier responded, “Give me a few hours.” The updated emoji appeared first on the web browser version of the site before rolling out to iOS devices.
Other emoji vendors like Google and Facebook still use the standard emoji of Iran’s national flag, so the lion-and-sun flag isn’t available on most platforms, and it’s also not available for X on Android devices.
The change on X, though, meant that accounts tied to Iran’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs suddenly found their bios displaying an emoji that could be construed as anti-regime. Iran’s foreign ministry has since removed the emoji from its bio.
X previously used default Apple emoji on iOS, but since 2023, it has used its own native emoji, according to Emojipedia. X last redesigned an emoji in 2024, when it changed its pistol emoji from a green water pistol back to an actual pistol.
Protests in Iran began on December 28 over deteriorating economic conditions. They have reached every province in the country. At least 572 people have died, and more than 10,600 people have been detained, according to the Human Rights Activists News Agency (HRANA), a U.S.-based nongovernmental organization. X users in the country haven’t had much of a chance to use or sound off about the new emoji, as Iran shut down internet access and telephone lines last Thursday.
Want more housing market stories from Lance Lamberts ResiClub in your inbox? Subscribe to the ResiClub newsletter.
When assessing home price momentum, ResiClub believes it’s important to monitor active listings and months of supply. If active listings start to rapidly increase as homes remain on the market for longer periods, it may indicate pricing softness or weakness. Conversely, a rapid decline in active listings beyond seasonality could suggest a market that is heating up.
Since the national Pandemic Housing Boom fizzled out in 2022, the national power dynamic has slowly been shifting directionally from sellers to buyers. Of course, across the country that shift has varied.
Generally speaking, local housing markets where active inventory has jumped above pre-pandemic 2019 levels have experienced softer home price growth (or outright price declines) over the past 36 months. Conversely, local housing markets where active inventory remains far below pre-pandemic 2019 levels have, generally speaking, experienced more resilient home price growth over the past 36 months.
Where is national active inventory headed?
National active listings are on the rise on a year-over-year basis (+12.1% between December 2024 and December 2025). This indicates that homebuyers have gained some leverage in many parts of the country over the past year. Some sellers markets have turned into balanced markets, and more balanced markets have turned into buyers markets.
Nationally, were still below pre-pandemic 2019 inventory levels (-5.5% below December 2019) and some resale markets, in particular chunks of the Midwest and Northeast, still remain tight-ish.
While national active inventory is still up year-over-year, the pace of growth has slowed in recent monthsmore than typical seasonality would suggestas some sellers have thrown in the towel and delisted in weak/soft markets.
December inventory/active listings total, according to Realtor.com:
December 2017 -> 1,127,799
December 2018 -> 1,185,865
December 2019 -> 1,033,887
December 2020 -> 612,300 (Pandemic Housing Boom overheating)
December 2021 -> 445,303 (Pandemic Housing Boom overheating)
December 2022 -> 680,925
December 2023 -> 714,176
December 2024 -> 871,509
December 2025 -> 976,833
If we maintain the current year-over-year pace of inventory growth (+105,324 homes for sale), we’d have 1,082,157 active inventory come December 2026.
Below is the year-over-year active inventory percentage change by state.
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While active housing inventory is rising in most markets on a year-over-year basis, some markets still remain tight-ish (although it’s loosening in those places too).
As ResiClub has been documenting, both active resale and new homes for sale remain the most limited across huge swaths of the Midwest and Northeast. Thats where home sellers next spring are likely, relatively speaking, to have more power than their peers in many Southern markets.
In contrast, active housing inventory for sale has neared or surpassed pre-pandemic 2019 levels in many parts of the Sun Belt and Mountain West, including metro area housing markets such as Punta Gorda and Austin.
Many of these areas saw major price surges during the Pandemic Housing Boom, with home prices getting stretched compared to local incomes. As pandemic-driven domestic migration slowed and mortgage rates rose, markets like Punta Gorda and Austin faced challenges, relying on local income levels to support frothy home prices.
This softening trend was accelerated further by an abundance of new home supply in the Sun Belt. Builders are often willing to lower prices or offer affordability incentives (if they have the margins to do so) to maintain sales in a shifted market, which also has a cooling effect on the resale market: Some buyers, who would have previously considered existing homes, are now opting for new homes with more favorable dealswhich then puts some additional upward pressure on resale inventory.
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At the end of December 2025, 17 states were above pre-pandemic 2019 active inventory levels: Alabama, Arkansas, Arizona, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Nebraska, Nevada, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Oregon, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, and Washington. (The District of Columbiawhich we left out of this analysisis also back above pre-pandemic 2019 active inventory levels too. Softness in D.C. propers predates the current admins job cuts.)
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Big picture: Over the past few years weve observed a softening across many housing markets as strained affordability tempers the fervor of a market that was unsustainably hot during the Pandemic Housing Boom. While home prices are falling some in pockets of the Sun Belt, a big chunk of Northeast and Midwest markets still eked out a little price appreciation in 2025. Nationally aggregated home prices were pretty close to flat in 2025.
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Below is another version of the table abovebut this one includes every month since January 2017.
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There are many made-up celebrations these days, but at least National Pizza Week delivers something tasty.
Coming in hot on the heels of so-called quitters day, when many people abandon their New Years resolutions, pizza shops around the U.S. will be tossing around some deals that could save customers some dough. Of course, many people dont need an excuse to eat pizzaon any given day, about 11% of Americans do so, according to a study released in 2024 by the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
Americans grappling with the high cost of living got some relief as inflation cooled in November, but that doesnt mean that food prices have come downand particularly for families, some of these promotions can be very helpful in stretching their budgets.
Several of the national chains will be serving up for National Pizza Week, which runs through Saturday.
DEALS SPECIFIC TO NATIONAL PIZZA WEEK
A few pizza chains with locations around the U.S. are running specials that are specifically tied to National Pizza Week, and may require membership in their loyalty programs to take advantage.
At Chuck E. Cheese, for example, members of its fun pass get an exclusive deal: $5 for a large one-topping pizza through January 15. Meanwhile, California Pizza Kitchen is offering members of its loyalty program $5 pizzas with any $25 purchase.
Caseys is offering 25% off any pizza through January 17, though you will need to know the (very intuitive) code PIZZAWEEK to score this deal and Papa Murphys has a similar deal of 30% off regular-priced pizzas with the code PZWK26. Finally, Marcos Pizza is running a promotion for takeout orders this week of $3 off any large specialty pizza, with no code required.
OTHER PIZZA DEALS
Its sometimes hard to know what full price is for many food items at the largest pizza chains because they seem to always be running some sort of deal or other. And, indeed, the three pizza chains with the most locations in the U.S.Dominos, Pizza Hut, and Little Caesarsall have some deals on pizza that are running this week, though dont appear to be explicitly tied to the National Pizza Week festivities.
At the 7,000-plus Dominos locations in the U.S., you should come hungry to score some of its best deals. For $6.99 each, customers can get a mix-and-match deal and choose any two itemslike medium pizzas, sides, and dessertsfor $6.99 each. For $7.99 each, you can instead opt for a one-topping pizza and an eight-piece order of wings or boneless chicken if you do carryout. For $9.99 each, you can choose from any two or more of its line of specialty pizzas. Finally, for $19.99, the Ann Arbor, Michigan-based chain is promising the perfect combo meal that includes two medium one-topping pizzas and two orders of 16-piece bread bites.
Pizza Hut is in the midst of a comeback of sorts with an assist from former NFL Hall of Famer Tom Brady, who has been on TV commercials touting the chains Big New Yorker pizza, a 16-inch pizza thats currently on special for $10. Meanwhile, for $6.99, customers can opt for a hut box deal that includes choice of an entreea personal pan pizza, chicken wings, or a meltalong with a side of either fries or wings. The Plano, Texas-based chain also offers bigger meal deals, starting at $19.99, that might be enough to feed a family and include a mix of pizzas, sides, and choice of a dessert.
Finally, Little Caesars is also running several promotions this week with prices that undercut its competitors. For $4.99 each, you can customize two one-topping pizzas from the Detroit-based chain through January 18. You can also score 15% orders of $15 or more or 20% off orders of $20 or more this week. However, to take advantage of all of these deals, you will need to know the deal-specific codes, which can be found on its website.
The Trump administration’s criminal investigation of Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell appeared on Monday to be emboldening defenders of the U.S. central bank against the efforts of President Donald Trump to control the Fed.
The backlash reflected the bigger stakes of a contest about the fate of the Feds independence, the balance of power within the federal government, and the path of the U.S. economy. Trump has long publicly lashed out against Powell for not slashing the Fed’s benchmark interest rates to his liking, but the prospect of a criminal indictment was a step too far for an institution that has an outsized influence on both inflation and the job market.
Several Republican senators have condemned the Department of Justice’s subpoenas of the Fed, which Powell revealed Sunday and characterized as pretexts to pressure him to sharply cut interest rates as Trump has demanded. Powell also said the Justice Department has threatened criminal indictments over his June testimony to Congress about the cost and design elements of a building renovation.
Trump has repeatedly used investigations which might or might not lead to an actual indictment to attack his political rivals, including Fed governor Lisa Cook, New York Attorney General Letitia James, and James Comey, the former FBI director.
White House press secretary Karoline Leavitt told reporters that Trump did not direct his Justice Department to investigate Powell.
One thing for sure, the president’s made it quite clear, is Jerome Powell is bad at his job,” Leavitt said. “As for whether or not Jerome Powell is a criminal, that’s an answer the Department of Justice is going to have to find out.
A bipartisan group of former Fed chairs and top economists on Monday compared the Trump administration’s actions to moves made in more impoverished countries. Some analysts said that the financial market’s muted response reflects a widespread belief that Powell could successfully fend off the allegations that his description to lawmakers of the Fed’s $2.5 billion project was criminal.
I think this is ham-handed, counter-productive, and going to set back the presidents cause, said Jason Furman, an economist at Harvard and former top adviser to President Barack Obama. It could also unify the Feds interest-rate setting committee in support of Powell, and means the next Fed chair will be under more pressure to prove their independence.
The subpoenas apply to the price tag of renovating Fed buildings, including its marble-clad headquarters in Washington, D.C. They come at an unusual moment when Trump was teasing the likelihood of announcing his nominee this month to succeed Powell as the Fed chair, after Trump last summer played down the idea that the Fed’s renovation costs were a fireable offense.
While Powell’s term as chair ends in May, he has a separate term as a Fed governor until January 2028. Trumps moves could make it more likely that Powell will stay on the Feds governing board after his term as chair ends in May in order to defend the Fed’s independence from politics in making its decisions on interest rates, Furman said.
While an interest rate cut was already considered unlikely at the Feds next meeting in about two weeks, the news of the Justice Department investigation likely means that the Fed would avoid cuts at the next meeting in order to send the message that it cannot be pressured by politics, economists said.
Powell quickly found a growing number of defenders among Republicans in the Senate, who will have the choice of whether to confirm Trump’s planned picks for Fed chair.
Sen. Thom Tillis, a North Carolina Republican and member of the Senate Banking panel, said late Sunday in response to the subpoenas that he would oppose any of the Trump administrations nominees for the Fed, including to replace Powell.
If there were any remaining doubt whether advisers within the Trump Administration are actively pushing to end the independence of the Federal Reserve, there should now be none, Tillis said.
Sen. Lisa Murkowski, an Alaska Republican, backed Tillis approach Monday.
After speaking with Chair Powell this morning, its clear the administrations investigation is nothing more than an attempt at coercion, Murkowski said. She voted against the White Houses nomination of Stephen Miran to the Feds board in September, which was barely approved by a 48-47 vote. Miran continues to be Trump’s chair of the White House Council of Economic Advisers, although he is on leave due to his post at the Fed.
Trump has for the past year sought to pressure Powell into having the Fed slash its benchmark interest rates a move that reflects a fundamental break over whether inflation still poses any risk to the U.S. economy.
Powell maintains that inflation is still elevated in the aftermath of Trump’s tariffs and has moved cautiously, whereas Trump claims that inflation is no longer a worry and rates should be dramatically slashed.
I have carried out my duties without political fear or favor, focused solely on our mandate of price stability and maximum employment, Powell said in a Sunday night video disclosing the subpoenas. Public service sometimes requires standing firm in the face of threats.
If Powell stays on the board after his term as chair ends in May, the Trump administration would be deprived of the chance to fill another seat on the board.
Powell has declined at several press conferences to answer questions about his plans.
Asked on Monday by reporters if Powell planned to remain a Fed governor, Kevin Hassett, director of the White House National Economic Council and a leading candidate to become Fed chair, said he was unaware of Powells plans.
Ive not talked to Jay about that, Hassett said.
Powell, jettisoning the cautious approach he has taken since Trump began attacking him last year for not cutting rates sharply enough, said on Sunday the subpoenas were a pretext to force the Fed to cut its key short-term interest rate.
Sen. Kevin Cramer, a Republican from North Dakota, a frequent Powell critic, said Monday that he does not hink that the Fed chair is a criminal and said he hopes that this criminal investigation can be put to rest quickly, according to CNBC.
The bipartisan group of former Fed chairs and top economists said in their Monday letter that the White Houses legal actions and the possible loss of Fed independence could hurt the broader economy.
This is how monetary policy is made in emerging markets with weak institutions, with highly negative consequences for inflation and the functioning of their economies more broadly, the statement said. It has no place in the United States whose greatest strength is the rule of law, which is at the foundation of our economic success.
The statement was signed by former Fed chairs Ben Bernanke, Janet Yellen, and Alan Greenspan, as well as former Treasury Secretaries Henry Paulson and Robert Rubin.
Still, Trump’s pressure campaign had been building for some time. The president relentlessly criticized and belittled Powell, attempting to blame him for some of the discontent over the economy that followed the president’s own tariff announcements.
Trump appeared to preview the shocking news of the subpoenas at a Dec. 29 news conference. The president said his administration would probably sue Powell for gross incompetence on the cost of renovations, calling it the highest price of construction per square foot in the history of the world.
Hes just a very incompetent man, Trump said. But were going to probably bring a lawsuit against him.
Christopher Rugaber and Josh Boak, Associated Press
Indonesia and Malaysia are the first two countries to ban Elon Musk’s artificial intelligence tool Grok, after the generative AI essentially flooded the social media platform X with lewd, sexually explicit images of young girls and women that were made without their consent.
Musk folded the generative AI tool into X when he took over Twitter, promising “free speech.” However, critics say it is instead an example of how generative AI, without clear guardrails and regulation, can result in harm.
Here’s what to know.
What’s happening with Grok?
In short, users are typing simple prompts into the AI tool on X to digitally undress girls and women, some of which appear to be minors, triggering the chatbot to remove clothing from the real photos and even placing the subjects in sexually suggestive poses.
These deepfake images could violate laws at home and abroad, and have prompted a global public outcry, according to CNN.
How have countries besides Indonesia and Malaysia responded?
On Monday, the U.K.’s independent online safety watchdog, Ofcom, launched a formal investigation into whether the chatbot’s explicit images violated its rules to protect the country’s citizens from illegal content.
Reports of Grok being used to create and share illegal nonconsensual intimate images and child sexual abuse material on X have been deeply concerning,” an Ofcom spokesperson said in a statement.
“Platforms must protect people in the U.K. from content thats illegal in the U.K., and we wont hesitate to investigate where we suspect companies are failing in their duties, especially where theres a risk of harm to children. Well progress this investigation as a matter of the highest priority, while ensuring we follow due process.”
What has Elon Musk said?
Despite calls from the general publicincluding from a recent target of Grok’s misuse, conservative influencer Ashley St. Clair, who is said to have fathered one of Musk’s childrenX has not disabled Grok or stopped it from generating the lewd images.
On January 3, Musk responded on X: “Anyone using Grok to make illegal content will suffer the same consequences as if they upload illegal content”in effect, passing the blame onto its own users. This prompted a slew of comments on the post, which has been viewed by some 3.8 million users, including: “please start by addressing the inappropriate images of minors if you truly care,” more calls for Musk to “clean up your site,” as well as AI-generated images of Musk in bikinis.
Last week, X said Groks image generation tool would be available only to paying users, according to The New York Times.
On Saturday, hours after U.S. forces in Caracas killed at least 80 people and kidnapped Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro, Donald Trump sounded less like a wartime commander than a developer surveying a newly acquired property. The countrys future, he told reporters at his Mar-a-Lago resort, belonged to very large United States oil companies, which would soon be pumping a tremendous amount of wealth out of the ground.
The land in question includes the largest proven oil reserves on Earth at some 300 billion barrels, roughly 17 percent of global totals. But after years of political turmoil and U.S. sanctions, Venezuela accounts for barely 1 percent of global crude production. Its true that they know the oil is there, said Samantha Gross, the director of the Energy Security and Climate Initiative at the Brookings Institution. But the aboveground risks are huge.
Chevron is the only major U.S. firm still operating in Venezuela, after other oil giants pulled out in 2007 when former president Hugo Chávez nationalized the industry. By continuing to operate as a minority partner under the state oil companys terms, Chevron preserved its infrastructure, personnel, and legal foothold giving it geopolitical leverage in the ongoing tug-of-war between the United States, China, and the Maduro government. We play a long game, CEO Mike Wirth explained in November at a U.S.-Saudi investment summit in Washington.
Today, Chevron is uniquely positioned in the aftermath of the invasion: Its leadership and board have long orbited Republican circles, with deep ties to the Trump administration and a history of big GOP donations. Chevrons in [Venezuela], Trump said on Saturday, but theyre only there because I wanted them to be there. The company did not respond to requests for comment.
When Trump returned to office, his administration revoked Biden-era licenses that had allowed the oil major to operate in Venezuela despite the sanctions. Though told to stop producing by April, the company made no attempt to wrap up contracts, pull out personnel, or wind down supply chains. Francisco Monaldi, director of the Latin American energy program at Rice University, said in March that it appeared Chevron is very confident it can obtain an extension.
President Donald Trump monitors U.S. military operations in Venezuela from his Mar-a-Lago club in Palm Beach, Florida, on January 3. [Photo: Molly Riley/The White House via Getty Images via Grist]
Behind the scenes, executives were busy meeting with Trump and top officials, spending almost $4 million on lobbying in the first half of the year to keep their Venezuelan foothold alive. In March, Wirth joined Trump in the Oval Office, hashing out how to tweak or extend Chevrons license. The president finds Wirths TV appearances entertaining, regularly calling him after cable news appearances. The CEO followed that blitz up with private sit-downs with Secretary of State Marco Rubio, Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent, and staffers from the National Security Council, making the case for his companys continued presence in the country.
By July, the gamble had paid off. The administration issued a new license, letting Chevron resume operations in Venezuela. As it did so this fall, the company saw record-breaking production and earned $3.6 billion in its last reported quarter. Though Venezuela accounts for just 100,000 to 150,000 barrels daily a sliver of Chevrons production that oil is heavy, the kind the companys Gulf Coast refineries are designed to process. Having access to Venezuelan crude can help those facilities run more efficiently, increasing supplies and reducing costs.
Just before Chevron celebrated its renewed lifeline, it scored another victory: After years of wrangling with the Federal Trade Commission, it finally acquired Hess Corporation, one of the biggest independent oil producers in the United States. Last year, the agency had banned CEO John Hess from joining Chevrons board as part of its anti-trust review, alleging that he had colluded with OPEC representatives to fix oil prices.
That victory, however, did not occur in a vacuum. The Hess family is a major donor to the Republican party and contributed more than $1 million to Trumps first inauguration. (Chevron, for its part, donated $2 million to the presidents 2025 ceremony.) Hess whom Trump has called a friend of mine for a long time petitioned the FTC to revisit its decision. The agency later reversed course, unlocking the deal. On July 18, Chevron officially closed its $53 billion merger, and Hess took his seat on the board.
President Donald Trump shakes hands with John Hess, CEO of Hess Corp., before signing a series of bills related to Californias vehicle emissions standards on June 12, 2025. [Photo: Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images via Grist]
This bought Chevrons entry into what many analysts call the decades most consequential oilfield, in Guyana, Venezuelas neighbor. In 2015, Exxon Mobil announced a huge reserve off the tiny countrys shoreline. That discovery catapulted Guyana a nation of fewer than 1 million people into the petroleum spotlight. Hess 30 percent stake in the project was a key part of Chevrons recent acquisition.
Thanks to Trump, one of the largest remaining political obstacles to the Guyana project was just removed. Maduro had challenged Guyanas control over the offshore area. Venezuela has periodically claimed the territory since the 1960s under a long-running border dispute. As production in the region ramped up in 2019 and as Venezuelas own industry faltered, Maduro escalated his attacks, sending naval ships into Guyanese waters and vowing Venezuela would take all necessary actions to stop its development rhetoric remarkably similar to what Trump used to justify his own actions against Maduro this week.
But though Trump claims he spoke with oil companies before and after the invasion, taking over the Venezuelan government may have been more than the industry bargained for. There arent oil companies just running to get rid of tens of billions of dollars right now to rebuild the Venezuelan industry, David Mares, the former Institute of the Americas Endowed Chair for Inter-American Affairs at the University of California, San Diego, told Grist. Its not even clear theres a legitimate government in place to make the contracts they sign for legal.
Then theres the question of Venezuelas tangled debt. Petróleos de Venezuela, S.A., the state oil company, has racked up more than $150 billion in liabilities over decades of defaults and expropriations. Creditors from energy companies like ConocoPhillips to so-called vulture funds that bought defaulted contracts at deep discounts have pursued arbitration against the country, and won court rulings for damages that remain unpaid. China has been the countrys largest foreign lender, loaning it more than $60 billion over the years. Only some of that has been repaid, mostly in the form of oil exports. As Mares notes, As soon as Venezuelan oil starts to flow, some of those claimants can attach the proceeds, and theyre going to demand their money back.
Experts warn that returning to even modest levels of production would require upgrading Venezuelas aging infrastructure, a process that would require massive investment and political stability conditions that have eluded Caracas for years and seem unlikely to materialize anytime soon. There is no realistic prospect of immediately increasing Venezuelas crude output, Gus Vasquez, the head of oil pricing in the Americas for commodity markets analyst Argus Media, wrote in an emailed statement. Venezuelan oil infrastructure would take years and possibly hundreds of billions to bring up to something cloe to its former capacity. Repairing refineries would be even harder.
Chevrons existing assets give the company a very different calculus than newcomers would face. But the timing could not be worse: Global crude oil prices have steadily declined over the last several years, recently dropping below $60 a barrel approaching the break-even point for many American operators. Thats been driven by global supply surpluses and by weakening demand, as renewable energy prices drop. I think what were seeing is that the days of the oil and gas industry being the growth engine of economies is well behind us, said Trey Cowan, an oil and gas energy analyst at the Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis.
Despite these structural shifts, Gross notes, Trump has a very old-school way of thinking about resource economics, as a blunt lever of power. As companies like Chevron have found, aligning with his priorities can bring financial and regulatory advantages, even if they are not supported by broader market conditions. This week, the companys stock jumped 6 percent.
On TruthSocial on Tuesday, Trump announced that Caracas would be turning over between 30 and 50 million barrels of sanctioned oil that will then be sold. [T]hat money will be controlled by me, he wrote. Trump hopes to lower oil prices to $50 a barrel, which would squeeze shale producers and destabilize the U.S. oil industry. On Wednesday, the Department of Energy issued a brief announcement elaborating, as Chevron entered talks with the administration to increase its operations and resell oil to other refiners. The statement declares the U.S. will sell the sovereign nations crude on the global marketplace and describes the proceeds as going to U.S.-controlled accounts at globally recognized banks, an unusual setup that bypasses the U.S. Treasury. The money is vaguely promised to serve both Americans and Venezuelans, and the arrangement will be indefinite. Youre going to see, probably, a growth in Chevron activities there quickly, Secretary of Energy Chris Wright said on Thursday.
Senate Democrats have launched an investigation into the Trump administrations communications with oil companies, which they claim occurred 10 days before the invasion, while Congress was not briefed. The suggestion that taxpayers could pay the cost of rebuilding Venezuelas oil infrastructure raise serious concerns about how the Trump administration engaged with the oil companies prior to his decision to use military force, they wrote. Gross says to the extent Trump can be described as a populist, it is largely a performance one he might play on TV but she added that typically, When you see populist governments take over oil industries, it doesnt usually turn out well.
In all the turmoil, what no one appears to be asking is what is good for Venezuela. The saddest part of this is that unwinding the Maduro regime does not seem to be a part of what Trump policy is aiming for, said Cynthia Arson, former director of the Woodrow Wilson International Centers Latin American Program. In its statements after the strike, the White House has largely overlooked questions about a democratic transition, sidelining concerns about human rights abuses and the treatment of political prisoners.
Even when oil starts flowing, a new Venezuelan government will likely struggle to meet public expectations while attracting foreign investment. Before Chávez, the countrys oil contracts typically gave the government around 50 percent of revenue, helping fund social programs and the middle class. U.S. oil majors, by contrast, often offer royalties around 12 percent.
The contrast highlights just how fragile and uncertain the path ahead is: Years of economic collapse, which have driven millions abroad, have left those remaining struggling with profound political and social upheaval that cant be solved by oil alone. If good things happen, theyre going to take time, Gross said. Bad things could actually happen pretty quickly.
This article originally appeared in Grist.
Grist is a nonprofit, independent media organization dedicated to telling stories of climate solutions and a just future. Learn more at Grist.org
Thousands of nurses in three hospital systems in New York City went on strike Monday after negotiations through the weekend failed to yield breakthroughs in their contract disputes.
Nurses on strike! … Fair contract now! they shouted on a picket line outside NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital’s campus in Upper Manhattan. Others picketed at multiple hospitals in the Mount Sinai and Montefiore systems.
About 15,000 nurses are involved in the strike, according to their union, the New York State Nurses Association. The hospitals remained open, hiring droves of temporary nurses to try to fill the labor gap.
The strike involves private, nonprofit hospitals, not city-run ones. But the strike, which the union casts as lifesaving essential workers fighting hospital executives who make millions of dollars a year, could be a significant early test of Mayor Zohran Mamdani’s new administration.
The democratic socialist campaigned on a pro-worker platform and struck a similar note while visiting nurses on the NewYork-Presbyterian picket line Monday.
These executives are not having difficulty making ends meet,” said Mamdani, who extolled nurses’ work and said they were seeking dignity, respect and the fair pay and treatment that they deserve. They should settle for nothing less.
Some other Democratic city and state politicians also visited striking nurses, while Gov. Kathy Hochul sent state health officials to the hospitals to keep watch over patient care. She called in a statement for the sides to negotiate a deal that recognizes the essential work nurses do.”
The strike, which comes during a severe flu season, could potentially force the hospitals to transfer patients, cancel procedures, or divert ambulances. It could also put a strain on city hospitals not involved in the contract dispute, as patients avoid the medical centers hit by the strike.
The nurses demands vary by hospital, but the major issues include staffing levels and workplace safety. The union says hospitals have given nurses unmanageable workloads.
Nurses also want better security measures in the workplace, citing incidents such as an episode last week when a man with a sharp object barricaded himself in a Brooklyn hospital room and was then killed by police.
The union also wants limitations on hospitals use of artificial intelligence.
The hospitals say that theyve been working to improve staffing levels but say that the unions demands overall are too costly.
After the nurses gave notice Jan. 2 of the looming strike, the hospitals hired temporary nurses and vowed to do whatever is necessary to minimize disruptions. Montefiore posted a message assuring patients that appointments would be kept.
NYSNAs leaders continue to double down on their $3.6 billion in reckless demands,” Montefiore spokesperson Joe Solmonese said Monday, adding that those demands included exorbitant raises and job protections even if a nurse was intoxicated on the job.
“We remain resolute in our commitment to providing safe and seamless care, regardless of how long the strike may last, Solmonese said.
New York-Presbyterian accused the union of staging a strike to create disruption, but said it has taken steps to ensure patients receive the care they need.
“Were ready to keep negotiating a fair and reasonable contract that reflects our respect for our nurses and the critical role they play, and also recognizes the challenging realities of todays healthcare environment, the hospital said.
Each medical center is negotiating with the union independently. Several other hospitals across the city and in its suburbs reached deals in recent days to avert a possible strike.
Both Hochul and Mamdani had expressed concern about the possibility of the strike.
The last major nursing strike in the city was only three years ago, in 2023. That work stoppage, at Mount Sinai and Montefiore, was short, lasting three days. It resulted in a deal raising pay 19% over three years at those hospitals.
It also led to promised staffing improvements, though the union and hospitals now disagree about how much progress has been made, or whether the hospitals are retreating from staffing guarantees.
By Ted Shaffrey, Jennifer Peltz, and David R. Martin, Associated Press
